Field telephones are telephones used for military communications. They can draw power from their own battery, from a telephone exchange via a central battery known as CB, or from an external power source. Some field phones need no battery, being sound-powered telephones.
Field telephones replaced flag signals and the telegraph as an efficient means of communication. The first field telephones had a wind-up generator used to power the telephone's ringer & batteries to send the call, and call the manually operated telephone central. This technology was used from the 1910s to the 1960s. Later the ring signal was made either electronically by operating a push button, or automatically as on domestic telephones.
Shortly after the invention of the telephone, attempts were made to adapt the technology for military use. Telephones were already being used to support military campaigns in British India and in British colonies in Africa in the late 1870s and early 1880s. In the United States, telephone lines connected fortresses with each other and with army headquarters. They were also used for fire control at fixed coastal defense installations. The first telephone for use in the field was developed in the United States in 1889 but it was too expensive for mass production. Subsequent developments in several countries made the field telephone more practicable. Field telephones operate over wire lines, sometimes commandeering civilian circuits when available, but often using wires strung in combat conditions. The wire material was changed from iron to copper. Devices for laying wire in the field were developed and systems with both battery-operated sets for command posts and hand generator sets for use in the field were developed.
By the First World War the use of field telephones had become widespread.
Shortly after the invention of the telephone, attempts were made to adapt the technology for military use. Telephones were already being used to support military campaigns in British India and in British colonies in Africa in the late 1870s and early 1880s. In the United States, telephone lines connected fortresses with each other and with army headquarters. They were also used for fire control at fixed coastal defense installations. The first telephone for use in the field was developed in the United States in 1889 but it was too expensive for mass production. Subsequent developments in several countries made the field telephone more practicable. Field telephones operate over wire lines, sometimes commandeering civilian circuits when available, but often using wires strung in combat conditions. The wire material was changed from iron to copper. Devices for laying wire in the field were developed and systems with both battery-operated sets for command posts and hand generator sets for use in the field were developed.
By the First World War the use of field telephones had become widespread.
